Shipping Goods from the USA to the United Kingdom

Import Regulations in the United Kingdom: A Practical Guide for U.S. Shippers

Whether you’re a business exporting goods or an individual shipping from the USA to the UK, understanding the country’s import procedures can save you time, money, and unnecessary delays. Following Brexit, the United Kingdom applies its own customs rules independently of the EU. This guide will walk you through the core import requirements, special UK policies, and best practices for minimizing your international shipping costs.

If you're working with an experienced international shipping company, many of these steps will be handled on your behalf. But knowing the process yourself gives you more control over your shipment and cost planning.

UK Import Basics After Brexit

Since leaving the EU, the UK operates its own customs system. That means goods arriving from the USA are treated as third-country imports under UK law. Key differences from the EU include:

Separate customs declarations (not tied to EU Entry Summary Declaration systems like ICS2)
Different tariff schedules (UK Global Tariff)
Distinct import VAT and product safety regulations

Required Steps for Importing into the UK

1. Obtain an EORI Number (UK Version)

What is it?

An EORI number is still required in the UK. If you're importing goods into England, Scotland, or Wales, you need a GB EORI number. For Northern Ireland, an EORI may also be applied for as an XI.

Who needs it?

Anyone involved in importing, including individuals shipping from the U.S. with goods valued above the duty/VAT threshold.

Where to apply:

UK EORI numbers are issued by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Apply online here: gov.uk/eori

2. Submit a Customs Declaration

All goods entering the UK must be declared through HMRC’s Customs Declaration Service (CDS) or the older CHIEF system (being phased out). Your international shipping company or customs broker usually handles this.

Declarations must include:

Commodity codes (from the UK Global Tariff)
Consignee and consignor info
Value of the goods (for duty and VAT)
Country of origin
Proof of transport and Incoterms

3. Pay Import Duties and Taxes

The UK levies import duties based on:

The UK Global Tariff (not the EU TARIC)
The CIF value (Cost, Insurance, Freight)

In addition to duty, import VAT is generally charged at:

Standard rate: 20%
Reduced rate: 5% or 0% for specific goods like children’s clothing or books

Accurate customs declarations and correct tariff codes are crucial to avoid overpaying or under-declaring, both of which can increase your international shipping cost or cause delays.

4. Use a Registered Customs Agent

Although you can submit declarations yourself, it’s highly recommended to work with a customs broker or international shipping company familiar with UK border procedures. They can:

File entries with HMRC
Calculate duties and VAT
Handle post-clearance audits
Arrange delivery through ports or bonded warehouses

Special Rules for Personal Effects

If you're not a business, but rather an individual shipping from the USA for relocation or sending personal items:

You may be eligible for duty/VAT relief using form ToR1 (Transfer of Residence)
Provide a full packing list and documents showing a change of address or residence
ENS is not required, but customs declarations and VAT relief paperwork still apply
For gifts under £39, import VAT may be waived

Even for personal goods, it’s wise to work with a professional international shipping company that can guide you through the process and offer affordable shipping options tailored to individuals.

UK Product Compliance & Labeling

The UK maintains its own product safety and labeling standards, separate from EU CE regulations. Important points include:

UKCA Marking

Products that once required a CE mark now require a UKCA mark for sale in Great Britain (England, Wales, Scotland).

Applicable to:

Electrical goods
Machinery
Construction products
Toys
Personal protective equipment

Products imported into the UK for sale or distribution must meet UK conformity requirements and bear appropriate labeling.

English-Language Labels

Products sold to UK consumers must be labeled in English, including safety warnings, usage instructions, and manufacturer contact details.

Your international shipping company should verify whether your goods need UKCA certification or labeling adjustments before export.

Packaging and Waste Requirements

UK importers must comply with the UK Packaging Waste Regulations. If your product is retail-packaged or generates waste, you may be required to:

Register with an approved packaging compliance scheme
Track and report packaging volumes annually
Contribute to recycling and recovery costs

Final UK Import Checklist

Requirement	Applies to	Action
GB EORI number	All importers	Apply through HMRC before your first import
Customs declaration	All incoming goods	Submit via CDS (usually by agent or international shipping company)
Import VAT	Most goods	Charged at 20%, unless reduced or zero-rated
Duties (UK Global Tariff)	Based on the HS code	Check rates at gov.uk/trade-tariff
UKCA mark	Regulated products	Required for electronics, PPE, toys, machinery, etc.
Labeling in English	Consumer products	Safety labels and usage instructions must be in English
Packaging regulations	Retail/packaged goods	Register and report under UK packaging waste rules
Transfer of Residence (ToR1)	Personal effects (individuals)	Claim relief from import taxes when relocating from the USA

Conclusion: Ship Smarter to the UK

Whether you're a business or individual, successful international shipping to the UK depends on a clear understanding of duties, taxes, and documentation. Post-Brexit changes mean that UK imports are now entirely self-regulated, unlike those in the EU.

Working with an experienced international shipping company not only simplifies compliance but can significantly reduce your international shipping costs. The right logistics partner will also help you avoid common pitfalls and ensure your shipment clears border entry efficiently.

For reliable, affordable shipping to the UK, partner with professionals who know the UK system inside and out.